Disinfection of Rice Seeds Prior to Sprouting

Different methods of rice seeds disinfection were investigated in order to limit the development of micro-organisms during sprouting. At room temperature, sodium hypochlorite at 1000 ppm or hydrogen peroxide resulted in a 2 to 3 log decrease in aerobic plate counts. Ethanol was found to inhibit germination, thus prohibiting its use. The limited effectiveness of decontaminating solutions could be because they did not access the bacteria, which was supported by the results of washing with benzalkonium chloride. Greater reduction (up to 5 log) was obtained by soaking seeds for 5 min in a sodium hypochlorite solution at 60°C.     

消除鲜食生菜中细菌污染的研究进展

随着营养均衡的饮食观念不断深入人心,人们对于鲜食蔬果的消费量不断上升。生菜这种广受中西方民众欢迎的蔬菜在日常鲜食食品中具有重要的地位。但是,生菜在种植、采摘、流通、销售等环节都可能会被细菌污染,这些细菌甚至包括金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7等致病菌。一方面,细菌性腐败菌的大量污染会对生菜货架期造成影响;另一方面,致病菌的污染会造成消费者食物中毒。目前,已有大量消除生菜中细菌污染方法的研究,包括物理清洗、消毒剂杀菌、物理杀菌等。本文对这些细菌消除方法的使用以及优缺点进行系统综述,以期为后续研究或应用提供理论参考。     

活性氧在造纸废水处理中的应用

本文阐述了活性氧的性质、活性氧的生产方法、活性氧在造纸废水处理中的应用，并提出了用活性氧处理造纸废水的流程。     

城市污水厂氯消毒出水脱氯特性研究

研究了亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、二氧化硫、焦亚硫酸钠和硫代硫酸钠等脱氯剂对城市污水厂氯消毒出水的脱氯效果.结果表明:亚硫酸氢钠的脱氯效果最好,反应10 min,氯脱除率即达100%;脱氯过程均存在分步反应,反应最初1 min内,余氯下降很快;1 min后为一级反应,且反应速率很低,有机氯胺和一氯胺的脱除是反应的限制因素.脱氯反应不会对最终出水的细菌和大肠杆菌指标产生不利影响.经济分析表明,达到同样的脱氯效果,二氧化硫脱氯工艺的药剂成本最低.     

用于医疗器械快速灭菌的低温等离子体装置研究

现有低温等离子体技术存在放电范围小、放电电压高等局限性,不适用于大尺寸医疗器械的消毒灭菌。 本文研制了一 种灭菌装置,在较低击穿电压下(大气压氦气 325 V,大气压空气 585 V)产生了大面积等离子体,且创新性地在印刷电路板上实 现了气体放电。 通过 COMSOL 等离子体仿真以及实际放电实验,同时实现了低气压与大气压环境下的均匀辉光放电,放电实 验结果表明:相对气压在-70~ -50 kPa 范围内,击穿电压值最低。 通过灭菌实验,验证了此灭菌装置产生等离子体的灭菌效 能,并对影响灭菌效果的因素进行了探究,灭菌实验结果表明:电源频率是影响灭菌效果的最关键因素,灭菌时间其次,氦气气 压对灭菌效果影响最小。 对于一定浓度的大肠杆菌,6 min 即可达到完全灭菌。     

茶多酚用于饮用水消毒的初步试验研究

介绍了植物多酚的基本性质及国内外的研究应用现状 .简要阐述了分子量较小的茶多酚用于饮用水消毒时 ,投加量、接触时间、环境影响因素和杀菌持续性等方面的试验研究结果     

饮用水系统生物膜形成和控制研究

饮用水系统生物膜形成和控制是当前研究的热点。系统阐述了饮用水系统中生物膜的形成和影响成膜的各种因素。生物膜控制技术包括降低有机物含量、物理方法、消毒剂、酶试剂控制、分散剂、紫外线消毒等。饮用水系统中生物膜对剥离剂和紫外线具有抗剥离能力,500mg/L的常规剥离剂也难以剥离成熟的生物膜,紫外线对生物膜中微生物杀灭能力明显弱于对溶液中微生物的杀灭作用。采样结果表明:饮用水管道内部存在严重的微生物污染。一旦生物膜形成,其将紧紧附着于管道内壁。控制饮用水系统中生物膜,降低微生物安全风险,对保证安全供水将具有重要的意义。     

Field solar E. coli inactivation in the absence and presence of TiO2: is UV solar dose an appropriate parameter for standardization of water solar disinfection?

Evaluation of solar treatment in the absence and presence of TiO₂ has been made to assess its effectiveness in reducing bacterial load with respect to drinking water standards.Field experiments under direct solar radiation were carried out using a compound parabolic collector (CPC) placed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. Water contaminated with E. coli K12 was exposed to sunlight in different seasons. The obtained results indicate that the presence of TiO₂ accelerates the detrimental action of light. Total photocatalytic disinfection was obtained in both periods of year and no bacterial recovery was observed during 24 h after stopping sunlight exposure. In the absence of TiO₂, total disinfection was not always reached; and bacterial recovery was observed, especially when inactivation was not complete. Bacterial decay was mainly dependent on light intensity. It was also demonstrated that solar UV dose is not a pertinent parameter to standardize solar disinfection. The influence of the following topics on solar water disinfection is also studied in this paper: (a) UV and total solar spectra characteristics (b) volume of phototreated water (c) post-irradiation events.     

水泥窑协同处置医疗废物工艺

笔者参与设计了某水泥窑协同处置医疗废物项目,通过“微波消毒预处理+水泥窑窑尾投加”的工艺设计思路,解决了医疗废物在水泥窑停窑、窑况异常调整期间的进场储存时间限制,延长了医疗废物的储存时效。同时,利用水泥窑协同处置的方法,通过利用水泥窑处置的诸多优点,也为医疗废物最终处置提供了一种安全、可靠的途径。     

臭氧/氯消毒中藻类有机物生成消毒副产物的特征

饮用水源地藻华会释放大量藻类有机物(AOM),AOM与氯消毒剂反应生成的消毒副产物(DBPs)会给饮用水用户带来不容忽视的健康风险。为此,探究了臭氧/氯消毒对AOM结构和DBPs生成的影响。结果表明,臭氧氧化能有效去除AOM中芳香蛋白和酚类、叶绿素a、藻蓝蛋白结构物质,但是对腐殖酸类结构的去除效果相对较差。DBPs生成总量随臭氧投加浓度的升高而增加,其中主要是三氯甲烷(TCM);卤代乙腈和卤代酮的生成总量随臭氧投加浓度的变化趋势不明显。延长臭氧接触时间会明显增加1 h氯化中TCM的生成量,氯化24 h时DBPs生成总量与臭氧接触时间无关。在臭氧/氯消毒过程中,AOM的DBPs生成潜能低于天然有机物(NOM)。AOM有利于一溴一氯乙腈的生成,而NOM会生成更多的二氯乙腈。